by
US /baɪ/
UK /baɪ/
1.
通过, 借助于
indicating the means of achieving something
:
•
He traveled by train.
他乘火车旅行。
•
She learned English by watching movies.
她通过看电影学习英语。
2.
由, 被
indicating the agent performing an action in a passive sentence
:
•
The book was written by a famous author.
这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
•
The ball was hit by the player.
球是由球员击打的。
3.
4.
在...之前, 不迟于
indicating a deadline or a point in time before which something happens
:
•
Please submit your report by Friday.
请在周五之前提交报告。
•
I need to finish this by noon.
我需要在中午之前完成这个。