by

US /baɪ/
UK /baɪ/
"by" picture
1.

por, através de

indicating the means of achieving something

:
•
He traveled by train.
Ele viajou de trem.
•
She learned English by watching movies.
Ela aprendeu inglês assistindo filmes.
2.

por

indicating the agent performing an action in a passive sentence

:
•
The book was written by a famous author.
O livro foi escrito por um autor famoso.
•
The ball was hit by the player.
A bola foi atingida pelo jogador.
3.

perto de, ao lado de

indicating proximity or location beside something

:
•
The house is by the river.
A casa fica perto do rio.
•
Sit by me.
Sente-se ao meu lado.
:
besidenext tonear
4.

até

indicating a deadline or a point in time before which something happens

:
•
Please submit your report by Friday.
Por favor, envie seu relatório até sexta-feira.
•
I need to finish this by noon.
Preciso terminar isso até o meio-dia.
:
beforeno later than
1.

por, passando

past; beyond

:
•
He walked right by me without noticing.
Ele passou direto por mim sem perceber.
•
The car drove by quickly.
O carro passou rapidamente.
:
pastalongside