foundations

1.

podwaliny

the lowest load-bearing part of a building, typically below ground level.

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build the arch resting on top of this solid foundation

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footing foot base substructure understructure underpinning bottom bedrock substratum

2.

podwaliny

an underlying basis or principle.

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this idea is the foundation of all modern economics

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basis base point of departure beginning premise principles fundamentals rudiments cornerstone core heart thrust essence kernel nub underpinning groundwork

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foundation foundation course