by

US /baɪ/
UK /baɪ/
"by" picture
1.

~으로, ~에 의해

indicating the means of achieving something

:
•
He traveled by train.
그는 기차로 여행했다.
•
She learned English by watching movies.
그녀는 영화를 보면서 영어를 배웠다.
2.

~에 의해

indicating the agent performing an action in a passive sentence

:
•
The book was written by a famous author.
그 책은 유명한 작가에 의해 쓰여졌다.
•
The ball was hit by the player.
공은 선수에 의해 쳐졌다.
3.

옆에, 근처에

indicating proximity or location beside something

:
•
The house is by the river.
집은 강 옆에 있다.
•
Sit by me.
내 옆에 앉아.
:
besidenext tonear
4.

~까지

indicating a deadline or a point in time before which something happens

:
•
Please submit your report by Friday.
금요일까지 보고서를 제출해 주세요.
•
I need to finish this by noon.
정오까지 이걸 끝내야 해.
:
beforeno later than
1.

지나서, 옆으로

past; beyond

:
•
He walked right by me without noticing.
그는 나를 못 보고 그냥 지나쳐 갔다.
•
The car drove by quickly.
차가 빠르게 지나갔다.
:
pastalongside